Linux下查看文件的创建时间

一、简介

Linux的文件能否找到文件的创建时间取决于文件系统类型,在ext4之前的早期文件系统中(extext2ext3),文件的元数据不会记录文件的创建时间,它只会记录访问时间、修改时间、更改时间(状态更改时间)。典型的文件的基础信息如下所示:

[root@bugwz ~]# stat test.file
File: ‘test.file’
Size: 2 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 807h/2055d Inode: 5255117 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-12-12 19:11:33.175841399 +0800
Modify: 2019-12-12 19:11:37.564970487 +0800
Change: 2019-12-12 19:11:43.079132663 +0800
Birth: -
  • Access:访问时间,文件数据的最后访问时间(例如:读文件内容);
  • Modify:修改时间,文件数据的最后修改时间。(例如:修改文件内容);
  • Change:状态更改时间,这个跟 Modify 时间很容易混淆,文件的属性(权限,大小等)的变更时间;

二、实践

2.1、获取文件的创建时间

  • 获取文件inode号,如下所示,拿到inode号为:5255117
[root@bugwz data]# stat /data/test.file
File: ‘/data/test.file’
Size: 2 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 807h/2055d Inode: 5255117 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-12-12 19:11:33.175841399 +0800
Modify: 2019-12-12 19:11:37.564970487 +0800
Change: 2019-12-12 19:11:43.079132663 +0800
Birth: -
  • 查找文件所在的磁盘路径,如下所示,拿到磁盘路径为:/dev/sda7
[root@bugwz data]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 3.9G 2.5G 1.2G 70% /
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 1.7G 14G 11% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 12G 11G 787M 94% /usr
/dev/sda5 7.8G 4.2G 3.2G 57% /tmp
/dev/sda7 235G 180G 44G 81% /data
/dev/sda6 7.8G 2.1G 5.3G 29% /var
  • 使用debugfs查看文件的创建时间,发现创建时间crtime为:Thu Dec 12 19:05:23 2019
[root@bugwz data1]# debugfs -R 'stat <5255117>' /dev/sda7
debugfs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Inode: 5255117 Type: regular Mode: 0755 Flags: 0x80000
Generation: 758605841 Version: 0x00000000:00000001
User: 0 Group: 0 Size: 2
File ACL: 0 Directory ACL: 0
Links: 1 Blockcount: 8
Fragment: Address: 0 Number: 0 Size: 0
ctime: 0x5df2206f:12dddfdc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:43 2019
atime: 0x5df22065:29ec81dc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:33 2019
mtime: 0x5df22069:86b30fdc -- Thu Dec 12 19:11:37 2019
crtime: 0x5df21ef3:d586ca44 -- Thu Dec 12 19:05:23 2019
Size of extra inode fields: 28
EXTENTS:
(0):16949121

2.2、集成脚本:

#!/bin/sh
[ $# -ne 1 ] && echo "Usage: $0 {FILENAME}" && exit 1

INODE=`ls -i $1 |awk '{print $1}'`
FILENAME=$1

# 如果传入参数带/,则获取这个传入参数的目录路径并进入目录
`echo $FILENAME | grep / 1> /dev/null` && { FPWD=${FILENAME%/*};FPWD=${FPWD:=/};cd ${FPWD};FPWD=`pwd`; } || FPWD=`pwd`

array=(`echo ${FPWD} | sed 's@/@ @g'`)
array_length=${#array[@]}

for ((i=${array_length};i>=0;i--)); do
unset array[$i]
SUBPWD=`echo " "${array[@]} | sed 's@ @/@g'`
DISK=`df -h |grep ${SUBPWD}$ |awk '{print $1}'`
[[ -n $DISK ]] && break
done

# 文件系统非ext4则退出
[[ "`df -T | grep ${DISK} |awk '{print $2}'`" != "ext4" ]] && { echo ${DISK} is not mount on type ext4! Only ext4 file system support!;exit 2; }

debugfs -R "stat <${INODE}>" ${DISK}

参考地址:https://www.qingtingip.com/h_375642.html

作者: bugwz
链接: https://bugwz.com/2019/12/12/linux-ext4-crtime/
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